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April 14, 2008 — As Colorado lawmakers grapple with the state’s mounting mountain pine beetle epidemic, they need look no farther than neighboring Utah for an example of what the rice-sized insects can do to the state’s economically vital ski and tourism industries.
Brian Head ski area in southwestern Utah became the ski industry poster child for beetle-kill devastation when a spruce bark beetle infestation wiped out nearly all the trees on the upper half of the mountain in the mid-1990s. The resort is still recovering nearly 15 years later.
“They liken it to a slow-moving forest fire,” Brian Head general manager Henry Hornberger said, although his ski area was spared an actual wildfire because of aggressive dead timber removal. “It was almost 100-percent beetle kill.”
After all the dead spruce trees had been removed through U.S. Forest Service timber sales, Hornberger says the remnants of a hurricane blowing out of the Gulf of California knocked down all the live fir trees that hadn’t been touched by the beetles. He says longtime customers were shocked by the devastation.
“(The storm) blew down all of the fir trees because they had none of the protection of spruce trees,” Hornberger said. “There were live firs trees just scattered like pickup sticks – just jack-strawed everywhere.”
Besides visual impacts, Brian Head is forced to shut down its chairlifts much more frequently because of high winds that used to be blocked by dense forest, and Hornberger says those same winds often scour snow off ski trails.
Colorado’s $2.6 billion-a-year ski and tourism industry (second only to agriculture in terms of revenues) faces the same potential impacts in the face of a rampant infestation that began about the time Brian Head’s beetles were finishing off their spruce buffet.
The mountain pine beetle outbreak in Colorado ravaged 500,000 acres of mature lodgepole pines in 2007 and 1.5 million acres overall since the mid-to late-’90s. Ski industry executives, business leaders and politicians on the state’s Western Slope have for several years been frantically trying to mitigate the insect’s destructive but natural impacts.
“We’re not going to stop this (epidemic),” Eagle County Commissioner Peter Runyon said. “It’s going to run its course. All we can do is work at preventing catastrophic wildfires that have huge potential economic impacts.”
Eagle County, home to Vail and Beaver Creek ski areas, has partnered with area municipalities and the U.S. Forest Service, which owns the land where the ski areas are located and the vast majority of land throughout the county, to clear dead timber around towns to promote regeneration and create defensible spaces in case of wildfire.
The town of Vail has budgeted approximately $500,000 for thinning projects this year and will team with the county and the Forest Service to remove more beetle kill this summer after using a helicopter to remove dead trees in the West Vail neighborhood last summer.
“The concern I have now is there isn’t a more conscious effort on the part of Vail Resorts to remove trees within the ski area boundary,” said former Vail Resorts president Andy Daly, now a town councilman. “That could have a significant impact on the community if we got a lightning strike in the ski area where it could spread into an area with homes and destroy infrastructure on the (ski) mountain, which would impact the local economy.”
Vail Resorts – which owns Vail, Beaver Creek, Breckenridge and Keystone ski areas in Colorado – does not disclose precisely how much it’s spending on beetle-kill mitigation at its resorts, all of which are being hit hard by the mountain pine beetle. Company officials do say they are actively thinning in areas where dead trees threaten chairlifts and structures.
“The pine beetle infestation is a widespread forest issue throughout the western U.S., and our company, like so many other ski resorts and mountain communities, will continue to work with the Forest Service to identify and evaluate short-term and long-term solutions,” Vail Resorts spokeswoman Kelly Ladyga said in an email.
Bill Jensen, former president of Vail Resorts’ mountain division and now the CEO of ski industry rival Intrawest, says Vail cut down around 2,000 trees the past few summers at a cost of about $100 a tree -- 40 percent of which goes to the Forest Service.
“I don’t think the solution for Vail or any ski resort is to let all the trees die and just cut down trees for the next 15 years,” said Jensen, whose new company manages Winter Park and owns Copper Mountain and Steamboat – all harder hit by pine beetles than Vail.
Jensen advocates selective thinning to promote regeneration and greater forest diversity (more spruce, firs and aspens), planting saplings, clearing fuels from the forest floor and equipping ski areas to fight fires using snowmaking systems and firefighting gear. He’s also hoping for a scientific solution such as injecting pesticides to save critical stands of trees.
Such alternatives to spraying might help private landowners as well, Jensen says, because mountain real estate is even bigger business than skiing. Eagle County alone saw a record $2.96 billion in real estate sales in 2007.
Forest Service officials say stopping this epidemic is impossible at this point, and that it will just have to run its course throughout most of the national forest. But, they add, protecting mountain communities and ski resorts from fire is a top priority.
“The trees will come back even if we don’t remove them, but we have more control over what (the new forest) will look like if we get a jumpstart on regeneration -- if we remove the trees in small areas,” said Ken Kowynia, winter sports program manager for the Rocky Mountain Region of the U.S. Forest Service. “We’re beyond trying to stop this. The basic objective now is twofold: one is to cut trees so we can provide for the next generation of trees and also for aesthetics and fire protection.”
This is an ongoing series on Colorado’s mountain pine beetle infestation. Next up: legislating a solution – a look at the numerous pieces of state and federal legislation proposed by Colorado lawmakers.
1 Comment on "Colorado ski towns look to Utah for cautionary beetle-kill tale"
John Garnsey — April 14, 2008
On behalf of our Company, I’d like to address comments made by Andy Daly in the April 14 article by Dave Williams titled, “Colorado ski towns look to Utah for cautionary beetle-kill tale”. In the story, Andy said that he’s concerned “there isn’t a more conscious effort on the part of Vail Resorts to remove trees within the ski area boundary.”
Nothing could be further from the truth. Over the past decade, long before the pine beetle epidemic garnered such prominent attention, Vail Resorts had been quietly spending hundreds of thousands of dollars and countless man hours working with the U.S. Forest Service to remove thousands of infected trees from both Vail and Beaver Creek Mountains, particularly in areas close to the lifts, on-mountain buildings and around the base areas. We are always closely watching all areas of our resorts and take any action that we identify or is identified by the Forest Service as required to ensure the safety of our guests and our communities. However, it’s also important to note that there is active discussion within the Forest Service and among environmental groups about exactly how much tree removal is appropriate and the possible ancillary impacts of such actions.
It’s important to understand how forest biologists view this current epidemic. As aesthically displeasing as it may be to see scores of dead pines dotting the mountains in our national forests, the pine beetle is part of nature's eco-cycle and we typically see its effects every 20 to 30 years. Pine beetles attack older Lodge pole pines, which are prevalent in the White River National Forest and other parts of Colorado, killing the trees and turning them brown. Forest management practices are not able to prevent this act of nature. Eventually, this natural cycle will provide a new and different regenerated forest in the future, similar to what has happened in Yellowstone.
Vail Resorts is just as concerned as anyone in our resort communities about the potential impacts of this epidemic, particularly the potential for wildfire. We have been actively searching for methods, along with the Forest Service, to halt the damage caused by the pine beetle. To date, however, there is no known product or method deemed environmentally safe and effective other than cutting and removing the dead trees from the affected area. If there was an easy solution to this widespread forest issue in the western U.S., we would have implemented it immediately.
Meanwhile, we will continue to work diligently with the Forest Service this spring and summer to identify areas of immediate concern and remove infected trees that could pose future public safety issues.
Sincerely,
John Garnsey
Executive Vice President, Mountain Division
Vail Resorts
